The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.